The original OpenGL program was crafted to simulate a population controlled by finite state machines, using stickmen and stickwomen with simple animations to visually represent the unfolding dynamics of the population. Later, the program was changed to experiment with the idea of digital chronophotography, or a way to capture in one frame the essence of each particular simulated run.

The “smiling face of a Chinese warrior” above his broad-shouldered armor, or a mustachioed warrior with a fanciful hat? Another artwork from my exploration of “Lyapunov space.”

In my Faces of Chaos series, I seek to visualize a chaotic dynamical system, using a unique mapping of the Lyapunov exponent to the image plane. Tiled Faces is one result of this exploration, and its 1,024 images combine to reveal the “face” of the four-dimensional system’s chaotic behavior.

Custom software was developed to calculate the Lyapunov exponent of a chaotic dynamical system over a range of its four parameters. The raw data from this 4-dimensional parameter space was fed to another program to generate thousands of individual images, where X and Y represent two of the four coefficients. Every single pixel in these images gets its value from the calculation of the Lyapunov exponent of the strange attractor generated by the four coefficients it represents.